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Citation generator
APA, Harvard, Chicago, DIN ISO 690 from a DOI
What does it mean?
Italics are marked with *asterisks* — set them in italics in your paper. Always check the style your guidelines require.
Learn more
- How to write a research paperPick a narrow question, find and read sources, build an outline, draft section by section, then cite and revise. Plan about two to four weeks.
- Literature searchDefine key concepts, list synonyms, combine them with AND/OR/NOT in library databases, follow citations (snowballing), and evaluate each source.
- Literature reviewA literature review synthesizes what research says about your topic, organized by themes, and shows the gap your study fills. It is not a list of summaries.
- APA 7th editionAPA 7 uses author–date citations: (Nguyen & Patel, 2021) or Nguyen and Patel (2021). Use “et al.” for three or more authors from the first citation.
- Harvard referencingHarvard is an author–date style widely used in UK universities: (Smith, 2020, p. 15) in text and an alphabetical reference list. Details vary by university.
- MLA formatMLA 9 uses author–page citations like (Morgan 45) and a Works Cited list built from core elements. Papers are double-spaced with a header and no title page.
